Use of podcasts for health education: a scoping review / Uso de podcasts para educación en salud: una revisión de alcance / Uso de podcasts para educação em saúde: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the scientific evidence related to the characteristics, themes, and outcomes of using health education podcasts aimed at individuals over 18 years of age in intra or extrahospital environments. Methods: a scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute method, conducted in 11 databases, including studies from 2004 to 2022. Results: 11 studies were selected, categorized, highlighting the characteristics, evaluated outcomes, areas, and conditions of podcast application, indicating it as an effective tool for promoting behavioral change, health promotion, and social interaction, demonstrating its potential to improve well-being, quality of life, and user/client autonomy. Conclusions: the use of podcasts proves to be an effective, innovative, and low-cost tool, with a significant social impact, being effective for behavioral change, satisfaction, and social interaction. However, the lack of comprehensive studies on podcast development methodologies represents challenges to be overcome.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear las evidencias científicas relacionadas con las características, temáticas y resultados del uso de podcasts de educación en salud dirigidos a individuos mayores de 18 años en entornos intra o extrahospitalarios. Métodos: revisión de alcance, basada en el método del Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada en 11 bases de datos, incluyendo estudios de 2004 a 2022. Resultados: se seleccionaron 11 estudios, categorizados y destacando las características, resultados evaluados, áreas y condiciones de aplicación del podcast, señalándolo como una herramienta eficaz para promover el cambio de comportamiento, la promoción de la salud y la interacción social, evidenciando su potencial para mejorar el bienestar, la calidad de vida y la autonomía de los usuarios/clientes. Conclusiones: el uso del podcast demuestra ser una herramienta eficaz, innovadora y de bajo costo, con un impacto social significativo, siendo eficaz para el cambio de comportamiento, la satisfacción y la interacción social. Sin embargo, la falta de estudios exhaustivos sobre las metodologías de desarrollo de podcasts representa desafíos a superar.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear as evidências científicas relacionadas às características, temáticas e desfechos do uso de podcasts de educação em saúde direcionados para indivíduos maiores de 18 anos nos ambientes intra ou extrahospitalares. Métodos: revisão de escopo, baseando-se no método do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada em 11 bases de dados, incluindo estudos de 2004 a 2022. Resultados: foram selecionados 11 estudos, categorizados e destacando as características, desfechos avaliados, áreas e condições de aplicação do podcast, apontando-o como uma ferramenta eficaz para promover a mudança comportamental, a promoção da saúde e a interação social, evidenciando seu potencial para melhorar o bem-estar, qualidade de vida e autonomia dos usuários/clientes. Conclusões: o uso do podcast demonstra ser uma ferramenta eficaz, inovadora e de baixo custo, com impacto social significativo, sendo eficaz para mudança comportamental, satisfação e interação social. No entanto, a falta de estudos abrangentes sobre as metodologias de desenvolvimento de podcasts representam desafios a serem superados.

Quality of podcasts recorded by nursing lecturers as pre-class learning material for students: An observational study.

AIM: To evaluate the quality of podcasts produced by lecturers as pre-class learning material; to verify lecturers' buy-in, after a specific workshop, regarding the practice of producing and using podcasts. BACKGROUND: The teaching-learning process has undergone significant changes in recent years with the proposal of the flipped classroom strategy, which places the student at the center of the learning process and uses technology that requires adaptation of lecturers, both inside and outside the classroom. Pre-class learning material is one of the features of the flipped classroom model. It provides basic concepts for problem solving in small group discussion in classroom. Podcasts for this educational purpose are a recent technology and their innovative characteristics require deeper understanding in terms of their influence and usability. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive and quantitative study. SETTING AND POPULATION: A workshop on the production of educational podcasts was offered to 23 lecturers on the Nursing course. METHODS: Data were collected in the second semester of 2021 and the quality analysis was based on criteria available in the literature. RESULTS: Eighteen professors (78 %) participated in the study and 46 podcasts were produced. Most professors being nurses (61 %), followed by biologists (28 %). Most have a doctorate degree (72 %). These podcasts were available for a mean of five days before the classes and their mean access rate by students was 58 %. There was no correlation between the access rate and the period of availability before the relative class. Most podcasts were informative (100 %) and monologues (98 %). The average duration was 6.2 min, which is within the ideal duration recommended in the literature. All of the podcasts included a description of the learning objectives at the beginning and most of them also included a closing message at the end. CONCLUSION: The nursing lecturers were able to produce their podcasts, which met quality criteria and reached the standards suggested by experts in the field.

Characteristics of oncology podcasts: Attitudes, speakers, conflicts.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically appraise the content within oncology podcasts and the individuals who speak on them. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: We obtained a list of 33 current podcasts with substantial oncologic content through queries of predetermined search terms on the Apple Podcast Platform. PARTICIPANTS: 98 oncology-related podcast episodes. MAIN OUTCOMES: The perceived attitude of the episode with predetermined categories including "Neutral," "Favorable," or "Negative," the number of conflicts of interest verbally disclosed by individuals featured on oncology podcasts, and the prevalence of general payments among featured physicians. RESULTS: Among 33 oncology podcasts, the median number of episodes was 81 (IQR: 25-129). Ninety-seven percent (n = 32/33) of the podcasts included guests. The median episode run time was 26:50 min (IQR: 18:00 - 41:75). Among the 98 episodes assessed, 47% of episodes (n = 46/98) mentioned oncologic drugs, of which 57% (n = 26) had a neutral disposition, 37% (n = 17) had a favorable disposition and 7% (n = 3) were negative. Across 98 episodes, we identified 194 featured individuals, of which 65% (n = 126) had a medical degree (MD), and 85% (n = 107/126) of these physicians received at least one general payment. Further, 83% (n = 105/126) of physicians did not disclose payments. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY SUMMARY: Within oncology-related podcasts, the majority of conversations about oncologic drugs are perceived as either favorable or neutral, and a majority of individuals featured on podcasts do not disclose conflicts of interest, highlighting potential opportunities for improvement, including the need for standardization of financial conflict of interest disclosure.

Anatomy podcasts for medical education.

The implementation of podcasts as a complementary educational activity increased over the past year due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Being an alternative channel for transmission of anatomical knowledge, the on-demand audio broadcasts became an intriguing medium for both students and educators. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire study on the evaluation of an audio podcast designed specifically for the first-year medical students as an innovative and optional component of the human anatomy course. The audience expressed their opinions in four categories: engagement in listening to the podcast, content and preferences, technical level and perspectives of using the podcast in further years of medical studies. Despite the non-compulsory nature of the podcast, the listenership reached the level of 45%. In the study, 1608 listeners had access to the survey and the overall response rate was 35.9%. Based on the analysis, the attitude and preferences of the listeners were demonstrated, including the preferred time of listening, length of the episodes, selection of topics, format of the broadcast, or the method of its delivery. Students also commented on the influence of the podcast on passing the final exam in anatomy and a concept of recording broadcasts in a foreign language. The presented data allowed the recognition of the needs of medical students and contributed to the improvement of the ongoing project. The paper presents the technical data and guidelines for educators willing to include this medium in the students' anatomical curriculum.

Factors Influencing Willingness to Share Health Misinformation Videos on the Internet: Web-Based Survey.

BACKGROUND: The rapidly evolving digital environment of the social media era has increased the reach of both quality health information and misinformation. Platforms such as YouTube enable easy sharing of attractive, if not always evidence-based, videos with large personal networks and the public. Although much research has focused on characterizing health misinformation on the internet, it has not sufficiently focused on describing and measuring individuals' information competencies that build resilience. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess individuals' willingness to share a non-evidence-based YouTube video about strengthening the immune system; to describe types of evidence that individuals view as supportive of the claim by the video; and to relate information-sharing behavior to several information competencies, namely, information literacy, science literacy, knowledge of the immune system, interpersonal trust, and trust in health authority. METHODS: A web-based survey methodology with 150 individuals across the United States was used. Participants were asked to watch a YouTube excerpt from a morning TV show featuring a wellness pharmacy representative promoting an immunity-boosting dietary supplement produced by his company; answer questions about the video and report whether they would share it with a cousin who was frequently sick; and complete instruments pertaining to the information competencies outlined in the objectives. RESULTS: Most participants (105/150, 70%) said that they would share the video with their cousins. Their confidence in the supplement would be further boosted by a friend's recommendations, positive reviews on a crowdsourcing website, and statements of uncited effectiveness studies on the producer's website. Although all information literacy competencies analyzed in this study had a statistically significant relationship with the outcome, each competency was also highly correlated with the others. Information literacy and interpersonal trust independently predicted the largest amount of variance in the intention to share the video (17% and 16%, respectively). Interpersonal trust was negatively related to the willingness to share the video. Science literacy explained 7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: People are vulnerable to web-based misinformation and are likely to propagate it on the internet. Information literacy and science literacy are associated with less vulnerability to misinformation and a lower propensity to spread it. Of the two, information literacy holds a greater promise as an intervention target. Understanding the role of different kinds of trust in information sharing merits further research.

Podcasting to the undergraduate medical radiation student.

INTRODUCTION: The researcher of this study identified a gap in the current availability of educational resources that are specifically designed for the undergraduate student studying Medical Radiation Science (MRS). The purpose of the development of the podcast is to improve the student experience and allow for autonomy in student learning through utilising extracurricular means, as they are introduced to a career in the medical radiation sciences. This paper explores the implementation of an extracurricular podcast to a large undergraduate MRS cohort. DISCUSSION: The design of this study is observational in that the work presented here is aimed at documenting an innovation in undergraduate education. In this study, purposeful sampling was used. A total of seven clinical contacts were asked to be informally interviewed ranging from national contacts to international clinical connections, forming the podcast episode content Through providing insight to students through an alternate learning tool, the podcast aims at fostering engagement within the subject and promotes self-directed extension of scholarship within the first year of tertiary study. RESULT: Analysis of pilot qualitative and quantitative data sets was undertaken. The results presented is platform data with some student and colleague feedback, however interview data is yet to be analysed. Results demonstrate geographical location of listeners, daily plays of episodes and the listening platforms utilised. In relation to the student experience, written feedback from members within the cohort was utilised. CONCLUSION: Positive conclusions including student engagement, connection to practice and increased industry knowledge, have been drawn from the implementation of this emerging innovative learning tool with the MRS undergraduate program.

Ensino do processo de enfermagem segundo os vídeos do youtube: estudo descritivo-exploratório / Teaching the nursing process according to youtube videos: a descriptive-exploratory study / Enseñanza del proceso de enfermería según videos de youtube: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio

OBJETIVO: Identificar os vídeos do YouTube sobre o Processo de Enfermagem como temática de ensino no contexto nacional. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, quanti-qualitativo, realizado com vídeos do YouTube em novembro de 2019, no qual identificou-se, principalmente, a data da postagem e total de visualizações, autor, categoria do vídeo, participante e conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 23 vídeos da amostra final, foram identificados vídeos no período de 2016 a 2019, com predomínio do ano de 2018 (10; 43,9%), profissionais de enfermagem (17; 65,3%) na qualidade de participante, e definição de Processo de Enfermagem (12, 27,2%) como conteúdo abordado. DISCUSSÃO: A facilidade de acesso, a existência de sites de compartilhamento de vídeos, a importância do Processo de Enfermagem e o desenvolvimento de parcerias entre organizações de ensino e de saúde potencializam a construção de ferramentas audiovisuais. CONCLUSÃO: os vídeos explanam o conceito do Processo de Enfermagem e suas etapas e apresentam o conteúdo mediante uma exposição dialogada.

OBJECTIVE: To identify YouTube videos on the Nursing Process as a teaching theme in the national context. METHOD: A descriptive-exploratory and quanti-qualitative study, carried out with YouTube videos in November 2019, in which the main data identified were posting date and total views, author, video category, participant and content. RESULTS: Among the 23 videos in the final sample, videos were identified in the period from 2016 to 2019, with predominance of the year 2018 (10; 43.9%), nursing professionals (17; 65.3%) as participants, and definition of the Nursing Process (12, 27.2%) as the content addressed. DISCUSSION: Ease of access, existence of video sharing websites, the importance of the Nursing Process, and the development of partnerships between teaching and health organizations enhance the construction of audiovisual tools. CONCLUSION: The videos explain the concept of the Nursing Process and its stages and display the content through dialogical exposition.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los videos de YouTube sobre el Proceso de Enfermería como tema de enseñanza en el contexto nacional. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio cuantitativo y cualitativo, realizado con videos de YouTube en noviembre de 2019, en el cual se identificó fecha de publicación y visualizaciones totales, autor, categoría del video, participante y contenido. RESULTADOS: Entre los 23 videos de la muestra final, se identificaron videos en el período de 2016 a 2019, con predominio del año 2018 (10; 43,9%), profesionales de enfermería (17; 65,3%) como participantes, y definición del Proceso de Enfermería (12, 27,2%) como contenido abordado. DISCUSIÓN: La facilidad de acceso, la existencia de sitios para compartir videos, la importancia del Proceso de Enfermería y el desarrollo de alianzas entre organizaciones docentes y de salud potencian la construcción de herramientas audiovisuales. CONCLUSIÓN: los videos explican el concepto del Proceso de Enfermería y sus etapas y presentan el contenido a través de una exposición dialógica.

Delivering Perinatal Health Information via a Voice Interactive App (SMILE): Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal health care is critically important for maternal health outcomes in infants. The United States fares considerably worse than comparable countries for maternal and infant mortality rates. As such, alternative models of care or engagement are warranted. Ubiquitous digital devices and increased use of digital health tools have the potential to extend the reach to women and infants in their everyday lives and make a positive impact on their health outcomes. As voice technology becomes more mainstream, research is prudent to establish evidence-based practice on how to best leverage voice technology to promote maternal-infant health. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using voice technology to support perinatal health and infant care practices. METHODS: Perinatal women were recruited from a large Midwest Children's Hospital via hospital email announcements and word of mouth. Owing to the technical aspects of the intervention, participants were required to speak English and use an iPhone. Demographics, patterns of technology use, and technology use specific to perinatal health or self-care practices were assessed at baseline. Next, participants were onboarded and asked to use the intervention, Self-Management Intervention-Life Essentials (SMILE), over the course of 2 weeks. SMILE provided users with perinatal health content delivered through mini podcasts (ranging from 3 to 8 minutes in duration). After each podcast, SMILE prompted users to provide immediate verbal feedback to the content. An exit interview was conducted with participants to gather feedback on the intervention and further explore participants' perceptions of voice technology as a means to support perinatal health in the future. RESULTS: In total, 19 pregnant women (17 to 36 weeks pregnant) were consented. Themes identified as important for perinatal health information include establishing routines, expected norms, and realistic expectations and providing key takeaways. Themes identified as important for voice interaction include customization and user preferences, privacy, family and friends, and context and convenience. Qualitative analysis suggested that perinatal health promotion content delivered by voice should be accurate and succinctly delivered and highlight key takeaways. Perinatal health interventions that use voice should provide users with the ability to customize the intervention but also provide opportunities to engage family members, particularly spouses. As a number of women multitasked while the intervention was being deployed, future interventions should leverage the convenience of voice technology while also balancing the influence of user context (eg, timing or ability to listen or talk versus nonvoice interaction with the system). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the short-term feasibility of disseminating evidence-based perinatal support via podcasts and curate voice-captured data from perinatal women. However, key areas of improvement have been identified specifically for perinatal interventions leveraging voice technology. Findings contribute to future content, design, and delivery considerations of perinatal digital health interventions.

Podcasts as a teaching tool in orthopaedic surgery : Is it beneficial or more an exemption card from attending lectures?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the introduction of online podcasts as part of the main lecture series in orthopaedics on the number of lecture attendees, the examination results and the assessment of teaching by the students. Additionally, we evaluated the use of other media for examination preparation. METHODOLOGY: At the beginning and end of the lecture series questionnaires were handed out to the students to evaluate their attitudes towards attending lectures, the use of video podcasts and examination preparation. In addition, the number of lecture attendees and podcast usage during the semester were counted and the statements of the students in the evaluation assessments of orthopaedic teaching were evaluated. The examination results were correlated in a statistical analysis with the learning materials provided by the students for examination preparation. RESULTS: At the end of the lecture series, 284 students stated that they used the lecture podcast about twice as often as attending lectures; however, for the majority of the students the provision of a video podcast was no reason not to attend the lecture. For example, 37.2% stated that they never and 26.8% stated that they rarely had not attended the lecture by providing the podcasts. Of the students 91-95% considered the availability of lecture podcasts to be a rather meaningful or very meaningful supplement to the lecture visit. Students increasingly used digital media to prepare for examinations instead of using traditional analogue methods. None of the learning methods or materials examined showed a statistically significant advantage in examination results. CONCLUSION: Students in the age of digitalization use a variety of learning materials and are no longer bound to classical analog teaching methods. The use of online podcasts had no negative impact on examination performance. Most students perceived lecture podcasts as a useful supplement to lecture attendance. The students praised the expansion of the teaching curriculum to include additional digital offers with positive comments in the evaluations, but without achieving an improvement in these student evaluations.

El rincón de la medicina interna

Resumen: En la era de la modernidad, el internet y las redes sociales, que han llegado a aligerar, revolucionar la vida y la comunicación humana, existe un grupo en una red social muy socorrida, como lo es Facebook, denominado El rincondelamedicinainterna, del que formo parte como administrador de la página, misma que se ha ganado muchos adeptos en diversos países de Latinoamérica y otras latitudes parlantes del idioma castellano, incluida la misma España; actualmente está conformado por más de 86,000 miembros, por lo que considero prudente exponer el sitio electrónico en la revista de Medicina Interna más importante de México.

Abstract In the era of modernity, the Internet and social networks, which have come to lighten, revolutionize life and human communication, there is a group in a very helpful social network like Facebook, called Elrincondelamedicinainterna, of which I am part as administrator of the page, which has gained many followers in various countries of Latin America and other speaking latitudes of the Castilian language, including Spain; currently made up of more than 86,000 members, I consider prudent to present the website in the most important Internal Medicine journal in Mexico.

A webradio como instrumento de diálogo com a juventude / Webradio as an instrument of dialogue with youth

Objetivo: apresentar as experiências relativas à mobilização de jovens de escolas públicas para participarem do programa Em Sintonia com a Saúde da Webradio AJIR. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência. Compôs-se a população por alunos do nono ano, de ambos os sexos. Resultados: mobilizou-se a juventude de forma ativa e dinâmica e, durante o desenvolvimento do projeto, abordaram-se os temas tuberculose (16%), cultura e paz (15%), sexualidade (12%) relação de gênero e diversidade sexual (12%), câncer de mama (9%), tabagismo (9%), drogas de abuso (8%), primeiros socorros (7%), etilismo (6%) e métodos anticoncepcionais (6%). Observou-se que o assunto com maior participação foi a tuberculose. Conclusão: conclui-se que, apesar de as publicidades debaterem e exporem assuntos referentes aos temas palestrados, ainda existe a confusão entre os saberes, o que representa um risco biológico, principalmente. Identificou-se, ainda, que a webradio é uma tecnologia de importância, pois proporcionou, aos adolescentes, uma oportunidade de se expressarem e debaterem in loco sobre os seus interesses, o que, antes, não era possível.(AU)

Objective: to present the experiences related to the mobilization of young people from public schools to participate in the program In line with Health of Webradio AJIR. Method: it is a descriptive study, type of experience report. The population was composed by students of the ninth grade, of both sexes. Results: youth mobilized actively and dynamically, and during the development of the project the topics tuberculosis (16%), culture and peace (15%), sexuality (12%), gender relations and sexual diversity (12%), breast cancer (9%), smoking (9%), drugs of abuse (8%), first aid (7%), alcoholism (6%) and contraceptive methods (6%). It was observed that the subject with the greatest participation was tuberculosis. Conclusion: it is concluded that, although the publicity debates and expose subjects related to the themes discussed, there is still confusion between knowledge, which represents a biological risk, mainly. It was also identified that webradio is a technology of importance, as it provided the adolescents with an opportunity to express themselves and discuss their interests on the spot, which was not possible before.(AU)

Objetivo: presentar las experiencias relativas a la movilización de jóvenes de escuelas públicas para participar del programa En Sintonía con la Salud de Webradio AJIR. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia. Se compuso la población por alumnos del noveno año, de ambos sexos. Resultados: se movilizó la juventud de forma activa y dinámica y durante el desarrollo del proyecto se abordaron los temas tuberculosis (16%), cultura y paz (15%), sexualidad (12%) relación de género y diversidad sexual (12%), cáncer de mama (9%), tabaquismo (9%), drogas de abuso (8%), primeros auxilios (7%), etilismo (6%) y métodos anticonceptivos (6%). Se observó que el tema con mayor participación fue la tuberculosis. Conclusión: se concluye que, a pesar de que las publicidades debatir y exponer asuntos referentes a los temas hablados, todavía existe la confusión entre los saberes, lo que representa un riesgo biológico, principalmente. Se identificó, además, que la webradio es una tecnología de importancia, pues proporcionó a los adolescentes una oportunidad de expresarse y debatir in situ sobre sus intereses, lo que, antes, no era posible.(AU)

Web 2.0 Tools in the Prevention of Curable Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: The internet is now the primary source of information that young people use to get information on issues related to sex, contraception, and sexually transmitted infections. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the research was to review the scientific literature related to the use of Web 2.0 tools as opposed to other strategies in the prevention of curable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). METHODS: A scoping review was performed on the documentation indexed in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, PsycINFO, Educational Resources Information Center, the databases of Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas in Spain, and the Índice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud from the first available date according to the characteristics of each database until April 2017. The equation search was realized by means of the using of descriptors together with the consultation of the fields of title register and summary with free terms. Bibliographies of the selected papers were searched for additional articles. RESULTS: A total of 627 references were retrieved, of which 6 papers were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The STDs studied were chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. The Web 2.0 tools used were Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. The 6 papers used Web 2.0 in the promotion of STD detection. CONCLUSIONS: Web 2.0 tools have demonstrated a positive effect on the promotion of prevention strategies for STDs and can help attract and link youth to campaigns related to sexual health. These tools can be combined with other interventions. In any case, Web 2.0 and especially Facebook have all the potential to become essential instruments for public health.

Texting Brief Podcasts to Deliver Faculty Development to Community-Based Preceptors in Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships.

Introduction: Longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) are an increasingly popular clerkship model that relies heavily on community-based preceptors. The availability of an engaged and prepared community-based faculty is crucial to the success of these programs. Teachers in these programs are often geographically separate from medical school campuses, are engaged in busy practices, and have limited time to devote to faculty development activities. Methods: We created a series of five brief faculty development podcasts directed towards community-based teachers in LICs from three US medical schools. Topics included encouraging continuity, bedside teaching, encouraging student ownership of patients, communicating and managing patient results between clinic days, and choosing the right patients for continuity. The podcasts were sent via a grouped text message just prior to preceptors' morning commute time. Pre- and postsurveys assessed the acceptability and effectiveness of the podcasts. Results: Among the 33 postintervention survey responders, 27 (81.8%) listened to at least three podcasts, 21 (63.6%) found them moderately or very helpful, 23 (69.7%) perceived that the podcasts altered their teaching style, 23 (69.7%) would likely or highly likely listen to further podcasts, and 18 (54.5%) would likely or highly likely recommend the podcasts to colleagues. Discussion: In a cohort of multispecialty faculty teaching in LICs, educational podcasts were well received and perceived by preceptors to impact their teaching style. Texting these podcasts to other community-based preceptors may offer an effective strategy for providing faculty development to busy clinicians.

Podcasting in medical education: a review of the literature.

Podcasts are increasingly being used for medical education, both within teaching institutions and on an international scale by major journals. To date, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the development of educational podcasts. To review the state of the literature, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and ERIC were searched in May 2016 for articles describing audio format podcasts used in medical education. Eighty-four articles met inclusion criteria. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was done using Kirkpatrick's model for evaluating outcomes. Twenty-four articles described reaction outcomes, eleven described learning outcomes, and one described behavioral outcomes. None measured patient impact. The literature demonstrates that podcasts are both feasible and accepted by learners. The mean length of reported podcasts was 18 minutes, which falls within the recommended range in at least one paper, and is consistent with reported listener preference. Interview format, clear disclosures, and accurate information were reported as desirable. There is limited evidence showing the efficacy of podcasts as teaching tools, or regarding best practices in making podcasts. More rigorous studies evaluating efficacy, changes in behavior, and changes in patient outcomes need to be performed in order to prove podcasts' value and to justify production costs.

A participação do homem durante o nascimento do filho: vídeos do Youtube / Men's participation during childbirth: Youtube videos / La participación del hombre durante el nacimiento del hijo: videos de Youtube

Objetivo: analisar vídeos compartilhados na rede social YouTube quanto a participação do homem no nascimento do filho. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa, na qual a seleção do material no sítio do Youtube ocorreu em um único momento de coleta de dados, 27 de fevereiro de 2014, o que resultou em uma amostra de 40 vídeos. Resultado: a forma de participação paterna apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com o tipo de filmagem (p=0,004), ano de postagem (p=0,034), local do parto (p=0,000) e o tipo de parto (p=0,000). Dentre os partos ocorridos no hospital, a participação passiva do homem foi registrada em 29 (85,3%) vídeos, e no parto cesáreo em 23 (95,8%). Conclusão: faz-se necessário difundir a humanização do parto e nascimento no intuito de assegurar a plenitude dos direitos do casal e garantir uma experiência prazerosa desse momento.

Objective: to analyze videos shared on the YouTube social network relating to the man's role in childbirth. Method: in this quantitative descriptive study, selection of material on the Youtube website occurred in a single data collection session on February 27, 2014, which resulted in a sample of 40 videos. Results: fathers' participation was significantly associated with the type of filming (p = 0.004), year posted (p = 0.034), place of birth (p = 0.000), and type of delivery (p = 0.000). Among hospital births, men were recorded participating passively in 29 (85.3%) videos, and in cesarean sections, in 23 (95.8%). Conclusion: it is necessary for labor and birth to be more widely humanized in order to assure couple's rights in full, and guarantee that this moment is a pleasurable experience.

Objetivo: analizar vídeos compartidos en la red social YouTube relacionados con la participación de los hombres en el nacimiento del hijo. Método: se trata de una investigación descriptiva y cuantitativa, en la que la selección del material en el sitio de Youtube ocurrió en un solo momento de la recolección de datos, el 27 de febrero de 2014, lo que resultó en una muestra de 40 vídeos. Resultados: la forma de participación de los padres tuvo una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el tipo de filmación (p = 0,004), año de publicación (p = 0,034), lugar del parto (p = 0,000) y tipo de parto (p = 0,000). Entre los partos en hospital, la participación masculina pasiva se registró en 29 (85,3%) vídeos y, en parto cesáreo, en 23 (95,8%). Conclusión: es necesario diseminar la humanización del parto y nacimiento, a fin de asegurar la plenitud de los derechos de la pareja y garantizar una experiencia placentera en ese momento.

Think You Can Shrink? A Proof-of-Concept Study for Men's Health Education Through Edutainment.

Connecting people to useful, actionable health resources is a substantive challenge that sits at the heart of health communication. Digital media provides means of producing, distributing and revising content and creates possibilities for new and multiple channels for reaching and engaging audiences, particularly when combined with social media. While there is much promise of digital media forms to deliver audiences and promote engagement, the health communication landscape is still largely hit-and-miss with few 'best practice' examples to follow. Proof-of-concept studies allow for a structured, focused exploration of ways to leverage the potential of digital media and learn what approaches have the promise to invest resources in amid a sea of possible options. Think You Can Shrink? (TYCS) is a multi-episode web series modelled on a reality TV show format. The show's key objective is to educate men and demonstrate, through modelling, ways men can support other men to encourage help-seeking behaviours and greater health communication, which in turn, may also lead to better health outcomes. Given the newness of the approach, the project was launched as a proof-of-concept study to explore: (a) whether this approach could engage the interest of men, (b) what initial impact this approach might induce and

Short-duration podcasts as a supplementary learning tool: perceptions of medical students and impact on assessment performance.

BACKGROUND: Use of podcasts has several advantages in medical education. Podcasts can be of different types based on their length: short (1-5 min), moderate (6-15 min) and long (>15 min) duration. Short-duration podcasts are unique since they can deliver high-yield information in a short time. The perceptions of medical students towards short-duration podcasts are not well understood and this study aimed to analyze the same. An exploratory analysis of students' podcast usage and performance in summative assessments was also undertaken. METHODS: First-year medical students (N = 94) participated in the study. Eight audiovisual podcasts, each ≤3 min duration (3-MinuTe Lessons; 3MTLs) were developed for two topics in biochemistry. The podcasts were made available for students after didactic lectures on the topics. Feedback was collected from students about their perceptions to 3MTLs using a self-reported questionnaire. The scores of students in summative assessments were compared based on their usage of 3MTLs. RESULTS: Feedback revealed that 3MTLs were well received by students as a useful and convenient supplementary tool. Students used 3MTLs for topic review, to get an overview, as well as for quick revision and felt that 3MTLs were helpful in improving their understanding of the topic, clarify concepts and focus on important points and in turn, in preparation for assessments. A significant proportion (49%) felt that 3-min duration was optimal while, an equal proportion suggested an increase in the duration to 5 min with more information. The overall mean scores in assessments were not different between students based on 3MTLs usage. The pairwise comparisons revealed better scores amongst students who used 3MTLs for both topics. CONCLUSION: Overall, short-duration podcasts were perceived by students as useful supplementary learning tools that aided them for revision and in preparation for assessments.

Analysis of Scoring of Maneuvers Performed in Elite Men's Professional Surfing Competitions.

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of turns, tube rides, and aerial maneuvers on the scores awarded in elite men's professional surfing competitions. The successful completion rate and scores associated with different aerial variations were also investigated. METHODS: Video recordings from all 11 events of the 2015 World Surf League men's world championship tour were viewed to classify maneuvers performed by the competitors on each wave as turns, tube rides, and aerials. A 2-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect or interaction of maneuver type or event location on the wave scores. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect of aerial type on successful completion rate. RESULTS: Aerial maneuvers were scored significantly higher than tube rides and turns. A significant main effect existed for maneuver and completion rate. Aerial maneuvers had the lowest completion rate, 45.4%. During the finals series (quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals heats) aerial-maneuver completion rate was higher, 55.4%. The frontside air reverse was the most commonly performed maneuver and received an average score of 6.77 out of 10. CONCLUSION: Professional surfers can optimize their potential single-wave scores during competition by successfully completing aerial maneuvers. However, aerial maneuvers continue to be a high-risk maneuver with a significantly lower completion rate. Our findings suggest that surfers should aim to improve their aerial-maneuver completion rate via surf practice or land-based training drills.

Segurança do paciente: caracterização de vídeos do YouTube / Seguridad del paciente: caracterización de los vídeos de YouTube / Patient safety: characterization of YouTube videos

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever como a segurança do paciente é abordada nos vídeos compartilhados pelo sítio YouTube. Métodos Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em maio de 2015, no campo de busca do YouTube com o descritor “segurança do paciente”. A amostra foi de 92 vídeos analisados com auxílio de instrumento construído pelos pesquisadores a partir de estatística descritiva simples. Resultados Os vídeos denotaram um conceito positivo acerca da segurança do paciente, pautado em uma visão sistêmica, que busca superar a cultura de punição em prol da promoção da cultura de segurança. Conclusões Compreende-se que a seleção e a reprodução adequada de vídeos pode qualificar o processo formativo de estudantes e profissionais de saúde, além de otimizar o envolvimento do cidadão em sua segurança a partir da distribuição de materiais informacionais de qualidade.

RESUMEN Objetivo describir cómo se aborda la seguridad del paciente en los vídeos compartidos por el sitio YouTube. Métodos investigación descriptiva, enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos se recolectaron en mayo de 2015, en el campo de búsqueda de YouTube con el descriptor “seguridad del paciente”. La muestra fue de 92 videos y fueron analizados con la ayuda del instrumento construido por los investigadores por estadística descriptiva simple. Resultados los videos presentan un concepto positivo sobre la seguridad del paciente, basado en una visión sistémica, que pretende superar la cultura del castigo para la promoción de la cultura de la seguridad. Conclusiones la selección y la reproducción correctas de vídeos pueden calificar el proceso formativo de los estudiantes y profesionales de la salud, así como optimizar la participación de los ciudadanos en su seguridad a partir de la distribución de material informativo de calidad.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe how patient safety is addressed in YouTube videos. Methods descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data was collected in May 2015, at YouTube’s search field, with descriptor “patient safety”. The sample included 92 videos, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results The videos showed a positive concept of patient safety, based on a systemic vision that attempts to eliminate the traditional punitive culture by promoting a culture of safety. Conclusions The use of videos containing high quality information may improve the training process of health students and professionals, as well as raise the individuals’ awareness of the importance of their participation in safety issues.